Remakes · the ancient world, re-rendered
Tomb paintings, stelae and frescoes remade on our own servers. Each keeps the original's people, poses and composition. The ancient Mediterranean was many peoples, so every scene is shown in several: Egyptian or Minoan, Nubian, Libyan, Levantine and pale, side by side. As it would have looked.
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copy https://hathor.soapbox.community/remakes · every scene has its own # link. Made with the process you can learn here.
Skulls round 2: one face, every colour
Cheddar Man — Mesolithic Briton — one face, every colour (round 2) #
c. 10,000 years ago · Gough's Cave, Cheddar Gorge, England · skull image: Cheddar man skull.jpg · Photo by user:geni · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cheddar_man_skull.jpg
Jebel Irhoud 1 — early Homo sapiens — one face, every colour (round 2) #
c. 315,000 years ago (Hublin et al. 2017) · Jebel Irhoud, Morocco · skull image: Jebel Irhoud-1 NMNH.jpg · Jonathan Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jebel_Irhoud-1_NMNH.jpg
Shanidar 1 — Neanderthal of the Zagros — one face, every colour (round 2) #
c. 60,000–45,000 years ago · Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan · skull image: Shanidar skull.jpg · James Gordon from Los Angeles, California, USA · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shanidar_skull.jpg
Skulls, colour and 'race': the history and the evidence #
Text card · sources cited on the card
The plastered skull of Jericho — one face, every colour (round 2) #
c. 9,000–8,000 years ago (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) · Jericho · skull image: Plastered skull from Jericho, British Museum.jpg · APK · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plastered_skull_from_Jericho%2C_British_Museum.jpg
Human species, full body
Australopithecus afarensis ('Lucy', AL 288-1) — several possible bodies #
Australopithecus afarensis ('Lucy', AL 288-1) · height about 105–151 cm · c. 3.9–2.9 million years ago · Hadar, Ethiopia. · image: Lucy blackbg.jpg · 120 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucy_blackbg.jpg
Denisovan (speculative) — several possible bodies #
Denisovan (speculative) · height about 160–175 cm · c. 285,000–30,000 years ago (and later?) · Denisova Cave (Altai), Baishiya Karst (Tibet), Cobra Cave (Laos). No Denisovan skeleton is known: this is a speculative guess from the jaw, teeth and genome. · image: Xiahe mandible.jpg · Dongju Zhang · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiahe_mandible.jpg
Early Homo sapiens (Jebel Irhoud / Skhul) — several possible bodies #
Early Homo sapiens (Jebel Irhoud / Skhul) · height about 160–185 cm · c. 300,000–90,000 years ago · Morocco, the Levant. · image: Jebel Irhoud 1-Homo Sapiens.jpg · Ryan Somma from Occoquan, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jebel_Irhoud_1-Homo_Sapiens.jpg
Homo erectus ('Turkana Boy', KNM-WT 15000) — several possible bodies #
Homo erectus ('Turkana Boy', KNM-WT 15000) · height about 145–185 cm · c. 1.5 million years ago (the boy); species c. 1.9 million–110,000 years ago · Nariokotome, Kenya. · image: Turkana Boy at the American Museum of Natural History.jpg · Photograph by Mike Peel (www.mikepeel.net). · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turkana_Boy_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg
Homo floresiensis ('the Hobbit', LB1) — several possible bodies #
Homo floresiensis ('the Hobbit', LB1) · height about 100–110 cm · c. 100,000–50,000 years ago (bones); tools to c. 50,000 · Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia. · image: none
Homo heidelbergensis / Sima de los Huesos people — several possible bodies #
Homo heidelbergensis / Sima de los Huesos people · height about 157–175 cm · c. 430,000 years ago (Sima de los Huesos) · Atapuerca, Spain. · image: Crâne 17 de la Sima de los Huesos.png · Nohemi Sala , Juan Luis Arsuaga, Ana Pantoja-Pérez, Adrián Pablos, Ignacio Martí · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cr%C3%A2ne_17_de_la_Sima_de_los_Huesos.png
Homo naledi (Rising Star) — several possible bodies #
Homo naledi (Rising Star) · height about 137–150 cm · c. 335,000–236,000 years ago · Rising Star cave system, South Africa. · image: Homo naledi skeletal specimens (cropped).jpg · Lee Roger Berger research team · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_naledi_skeletal_specimens_%28cropped%29.jpg
Human species side by side, at height scale #
Composited from our renders; heights and dates are ranges from the fossil literature. Homo luzonensis (Callao Cave, Luzon; c. 67,000–50,000 years ago): known from teeth, finger and toe bones and part of a femur — too little to reconstruct a body; not shown.
Neanderthal (Kebara 2 / La Ferrassie 1) — several possible bodies #
Neanderthal (Kebara 2 / La Ferrassie 1) · height about 150–175 cm · c. 430,000–40,000 years ago · Europe, Near East, Central Asia. · image: Kebara 2 skeleton replica.jpg · Velatrix · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kebara_2_skeleton_replica.jpg
Paranthropus boisei — several possible bodies #
Paranthropus boisei · height about 124–137 cm · c. 2.3–1.2 million years ago · East Africa (Olduvai, Koobi Fora). · image: Paranthropus boisei IMG 2933-black.jpg · Rama · CC BY-SA 3.0 fr · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paranthropus_boisei_IMG_2933-black.jpg
Skulls to faces
A Mycenaean of the grave circles — several possible faces #
c. 1600–1500 BC · Mycenae, Greece (Grave Circle; the 'Mask of Agamemnon' context) · skull image: Reconstruction of face from the Grave Circle B, AM Mycenae, 090995.jpg · Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_face_from_the_Grave_Circle_B%2C_AM_Mycenae%2C_090995.jpg
A Natufian of the Levant — several possible faces #
c. 15,000–11,500 years ago (Natufian) · southern Levant · skull image: Human skeleton (Rockefeller Museum).jpg · Davidbena · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_skeleton_%28Rockefeller_Museum%29.jpg
An ancient Egyptian skull — several possible faces #
Dynastic Egypt (dates vary by specimen) · Nile Valley · skull image: Skull - Egyptian Human Mummy - Egyptian Gallery - Indian Museum - Kolkata 2014-04-04 4355.JPG · Biswarup Ganguly · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_-_Egyptian_Human_Mummy_-_Egyptian_Gallery_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2014-04-04_4355.JPG
Cheddar Man — Mesolithic Briton — several possible faces #
c. 10,000 years ago (Mesolithic) · Gough's Cave, Cheddar Gorge, England · skull image: Cheddar man skull.jpg · Photo by user:geni · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cheddar_man_skull.jpg
Jebel Irhoud 1 — early Homo sapiens — several possible faces #
c. 300,000 years ago (dated 280–350 ka) · Jebel Irhoud, Morocco · skull image: Jebel Irhoud-1 NMNH.jpg · Jonathan Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jebel_Irhoud-1_NMNH.jpg
La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 — 'the Old Man', Neanderthal — several possible faces #
c. 60,000–50,000 years ago · La Chapelle-aux-Saints, Corrèze, France · skull image: Skull of La Chapelle-aux-saints Man (Mousterian) Wellcome M0015765.jpg · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_of_La_Chapelle-aux-saints_Man_%28Mousterian%29_Wellcome_M0015765.jpg
La Ferrassie 1 — Neanderthal — several possible faces #
c. 70,000–50,000 years ago · La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France · skull image: Ferrassie skull.jpg · 120 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ferrassie_skull.jpg
Qafzeh 6 — early Homo sapiens — several possible faces #
c. 100,000–90,000 years ago · Qafzeh cave, near Nazareth · skull image: Qafzeh 6 cast.jpg · Velatrix · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qafzeh_6_cast.jpg
Shanidar — Neanderthals of the Zagros — several possible faces #
c. 75,000–45,000 years ago · Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan (Shanidar Z found 2018) · skull image: Shanidar skull.jpg · James Gordon from Los Angeles, California, USA · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shanidar_skull.jpg
Skhul V — early Homo sapiens of the Levant — several possible faces #
c. 120,000–90,000 years ago · Es-Skhul cave, Mount Carmel · skull image: Skhül skull-5.png · José-Manuel Benito · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skh%C3%BCl_skull-5.png
The plastered skull of 'Ain Ghazal — several possible faces #
c. 9,000 years ago (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) · 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan · skull image: Plastered face modeled on a human skull. From Ain Ghazal, Jordan. Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, c. 6500 BCE. Jordan Archaeological Museum, Amman.jpg · Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plastered_face_modeled_on_a_human_skull._From_Ain_Ghazal%2C_Jordan._Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B%2C_c._6500_BCE._Jordan_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Amman.jpg
The plastered skull of Jericho — several possible faces #
c. 9,000–8,000 years ago (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) · Jericho · skull image: Plastered skull from Jericho, British Museum.jpg · APK · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plastered_skull_from_Jericho%2C_British_Museum.jpg
Neolithic, Bronze Age & the Bible
David plays the harp before Saul #
David playing the harp before Saul (c.1852), by Silvestro Lega.jpg · Silvestro Lega · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_playing_the_harp_before_Saul_%28c.1852%29%2C_by_Silvestro_Lega.jpg
Deborah under the palm #
053.Deborah Praises Jael.jpg · Gustave Doré · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:053.Deborah_Praises_Jael.jpg
Elijah on Mount Carmel #
The Bible panorama, or The Holy Scriptures in picture and story (1891) (14782598304).jpg · Internet Archive Book Images · No restrictions · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814782598304%29.jpg
Feasting at Göbekli Tepe #
Göbekli Tepe Enclosure C Pillar 27 relief.jpg · Kerimove · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe_Enclosure_C_Pillar_27_relief.jpg
Gideon's trumpets and jars #
054.Gideon Chooses 300 Soldiers.jpg · Gustave Doré · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:054.Gideon_Chooses_300_Soldiers.jpg
Herders of the green Sahara #
Fondazione Passaré V31 360.jpg · Alessandro Passaré · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_360.jpg
Hezekiah's tunnel #
Hezekiah's Tunnel enlightened.jpg · Davidbena · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hezekiah%27s_Tunnel_enlightened.jpg
Jehoshaphat sends the singers before the army #
The Bible panorama, or The Holy Scriptures in picture and story (1891) (14782600474).jpg · Foster, William A. [from old catalog] · No restrictions · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Bible_panorama%2C_or_The_Holy_Scriptures_in_picture_and_story_%281891%29_%2814782600474%29.jpg
Neolithic Çatalhöyük: the town of rooftops #
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations Çatalhöyük reconstructed room in 2011 04.jpg · Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_reconstructed_room_in_2011_04.jpg
Newgrange at the winter solstice #
Intricately carved stones at the entrance to the Newgrange Tomb - geograph.org.uk - 2640009.jpg · Eric Jones · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intricately_carved_stones_at_the_entrance_to_the_Newgrange_Tomb_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2640009.jpg
Raising the stones at Stonehenge #
Stonehenge Heel Stone.jpg · DeFacto · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stonehenge_Heel_Stone.jpg
Ruth in the field of Boaz #
Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld- Ruth im Feld des Boaz.jpg · Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julius_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld-_Ruth_im_Feld_des_Boaz.jpg
Skara Brae, Orkney #
Early house at Skara Brae - geograph.org.uk - 7445679.jpg · Eirian Evans · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Early_house_at_Skara_Brae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7445679.jpg
Solomon dedicates the Temple #
La dédicace par Salomon du temple (1 Kings 10 2) • invenit James Tissot • pinxit Michel Simonidy • excudit Maurice de Brunoff apud Philip de Vere • praesentat Phillip Medhurst.jpg · Phillip Medhurst · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_d%C3%A9dicace_par_Salomon_du_temple_%281_Kings_10_2%29_%E2%80%A2_invenit_James_Tissot_%E2%80%A2_pinxit_Michel_Simonidy_%E2%80%A2_excudit_Maurice_de_Brunoff_apud_Philip_de_Vere_%E2%80%A2_praesentat_Phillip_Medhurst.jpg
The Lion Gate of Hattusa #
Lion Gate, Hattusa 01.jpg · Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg
The Lion Gate of Mycenae #
Lion Gate, Hattusa 02.jpg · Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_02.jpg
The Neolithic tower of Jericho #
Tower of Jericho.jpg · Reinhard Dietrich · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tower_of_Jericho.jpg
The Queen of Sheba visits Solomon #
Frari (Venice) - Sacristy - Visit of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon by Bonifacio de'Pitati.jpg · Bonifazio Veronese · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frari_%28Venice%29_-_Sacristy_-_Visit_of_the_Queen_of_Sheba_to_Solomon_by_Bonifacio_de%27Pitati.jpg
The Sea Peoples #
Medinet Habu Ramses III. Tempel Nordostwand Abzeichnung 01.jpg · Unknown artistUnknown artist in pay of Ramesses III · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medinet_Habu_Ramses_III._Tempel_Nordostwand_Abzeichnung_01.jpg
The Uluburun ship #
Uluburun5.jpg · Martin Bahmann · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uluburun5.jpg
The bone flutes of Jiahu #
Jiahu Bone Flute.jpg · ASHillocks · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jiahu_Bone_Flute.jpg
The gold of Varna #
Varna Necropolis Gold Display.jpg · CryolophosaurusEllioti · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varna_Necropolis_Gold_Display.jpg
The palace of Knossos #
Knossos north entrance, Crete 001.JPG · Moonik · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Knossos_north_entrance%2C_Crete_001.JPG
The palace of Ugarit #
Ugarit Royal Palace 3914.jpg · Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ugarit_Royal_Palace_3914.jpg
The siege of Lachish (the Assyrian reliefs) #
Lachish Relief, British Museum 4.jpg · Photograph by Mike Peel (www.mikepeel.net). · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lachish_Relief%2C_British_Museum_4.jpg
The statues of 'Ain Ghazal #
Ain Ghazal Statue Jordan Archaeological Museum Amman Jordan0821.jpg · Michael Gunther · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ain_Ghazal_Statue_Jordan_Archaeological_Museum_Amman_Jordan0821.jpg
Greek myth on pottery
Achilles and Ajax playing a board game #
Exekias, Attic black-figure amphora, Vatican Museums 344 · photo/scan: Daderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Achilles slays the Amazon queen Penthesilea #
Penthesilea Painter, Attic red-figure kylix, Munich Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2688 · photo/scan: Penthesilea Painter · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Athena pours wine for Herakles #
Douris, Attic red-figure kylix, Munich Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2648 · photo/scan: Python (potter) and Douris (painter) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Dionysos riding a leopard #
Pebble mosaic, House of Dionysos, Pella Archaeological Museum · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Dionysos sailing on the wine-dark sea #
Exekias, Attic black-figure kylix, Munich Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2044 · photo/scan: Exekias · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Eos lifts the body of her son Memnon #
Douris, Attic red-figure kylix, Louvre G115 · photo/scan: Signed by Douris (painter) and Kalliades (potter) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Hades and Persephone at a banquet #
Kodros Painter (ARV 1269, 3), Attic red-figure kylix, interior · photo/scan: ArchaiOptix · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Herakles leads Kerberos from the Underworld #
Andokides Painter, Attic bilingual amphora, Louvre F204 · photo/scan: Andokides Painter · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Odysseus and the Sirens #
Siren Painter, Attic red-figure stamnos, British Museum E440 · photo/scan: Siren Painter (eponymous vase) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Perseus flees after beheading Medusa #
Pan Painter, Attic red-figure hydria, British Museum E181 (historic glass lantern slide) · photo/scan: Pan painter (Greek painter, active c. 480-450 BC) (artist) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
The birth of Athena from the head of Zeus #
Attic black-figure amphora, Louvre F32 · photo/scan: User:Bibi Saint-Pol · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The gods on Olympus: Hermes and Maia, Apollo, Dionysos #
Nikoxenos Painter, Attic red-figure belly-amphora (side B), Munich Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2304 · photo/scan: Nikoxenos Painter · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The procession to the Judgement of Paris #
Attic black-figure amphora, Munich Staatliche Antikensammlungen 837 · photo/scan: Paris Painter (name vase) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
The triumph of Poseidon and Amphitrite #
Roman mosaic from Pompeii, Naples National Archaeological Museum 10007 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Theseus kills the Minotaur #
Attic black-figure kylix (tondo), Louvre F83 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Triptolemos with Demeter and Persephone #
Triptolemos Painter (ARV 362, 19), Attic red-figure pelike · photo/scan: ArchaiOptix · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Zeus and Ganymede #
Eucharides Painter, Attic red-figure calyx-krater, Metropolitan Museum (Levy-White Collection, L.1999.10.14) · photo/scan: David Liam Moran (= User:One dead president) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Egyptian gods & myth
Hathor as cow emerging from the western mountain #
Papyrus of Ani, Book of the Dead, British Museum EA10470 (facsimile) · photo/scan: Published by James Wasserman; facsimile made by E. A. Wallis Budge; original ar · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Isis and Nephthys adore the rising sun #
Papyrus of Ani, Book of the Dead, British Museum EA10470 (facsimile) · photo/scan: Published by James Wasserman; facsimile made by E. A. Wallis Budge; original ar · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Nut, Shu and Geb: the separation of sky and earth #
Greenfield Papyrus (Book of the Dead of Nestanebetisheru), British Museum EA10554 · photo/scan: Photographed by the British Museum; original artist unknown · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Offering to the deified Mentuhotep and Ahmose-Nefertari, with the Hathor cow #
Tomb of Ameneminet (TT277); facsimile by Charles K. Wilkinson, Metropolitan Museum · photo/scan: Charles Wilkinson · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Osiris and the Four Sons of Horus #
Tomb of Nebamun and Ipuky (TT181); facsimile by Nina de Garis Davies, Metropolitan Museum 30.4.157 · photo/scan: Nina M. Davies · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Queen Nefertari led by Isis #
Tomb of Nefertari (QV66); facsimile by Nina de Garis Davies, Metropolitan Museum 30.4.145 · photo/scan: Charles Wilkinson · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Ramesses III and his son before Hathor #
Tomb of Amenherkhepeshef (QV55); facsimile by Nina de Garis Davies, Metropolitan Museum · photo/scan: Nina M. Davies · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Sennedjem and Iineferti in the Field of Reeds #
Tomb of Sennedjem (TT1), Deir el-Medina; facsimile by Charles K. Wilkinson, Metropolitan Museum 30.4.2 · photo/scan: Charles Wilkinson · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Great Cat of Ra slays the serpent Apophis #
Wall painting in a Deir el-Medina tomb, Luxor · photo/scan: Mig Gilbert · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
The Opening of the Mouth before the tomb #
Papyrus of Hunefer, Book of the Dead, British Museum EA9901 · photo/scan: Hunefer · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The king offers wine to Anubis #
Tomb of Horemheb (KV57); facsimile by Lancelot Crane, Metropolitan Museum · photo/scan: Creator:Lancelot Crane · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
The singer Nany before Osiris and Isis #
Funerary papyrus of the Singer of Amun Nany, Metropolitan Museum · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Userhat kneels before Osiris and the Goddess of the West #
Tomb of Userhat (TT51); facsimile, Metropolitan Museum · photo/scan: Norman de Garis Davies · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Hindu myth: paintings & temple cloths
Durga slays the buffalo demon Mahishasura #
Durga Mahishasuramardini, painting (public domain) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Ganesha enthroned on a lotus #
Basohli school miniature, circa 1730 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Kali and the Devi attack the demon armies #
Leaf from a Devi Mahatmya, Kangra school, 19th century, Cleveland Museum of Art 1934.220 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Krishna and Arjuna in the chariot at Kurukshetra #
Kalamkari painted cloth, Andhra Pradesh tradition · photo/scan: కాసుబాబు · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Krishna lifts Mount Govardhan #
Kangra school, Pahari Hills, 18th century, Cleveland Museum of Art 2001.45 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Krishna subdues the serpent Kaliya #
Walters Art Museum W881 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Krishna with the gopis #
Wall painting, Ramtatwali Dham, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, 19th century · photo/scan: Unknown Kangra muralists (and at-least one artist from Jalandhar named Sarfuddin · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Narasimha destroys Hiranyakashipu #
Folio from a Bhagavata Purana, LACMA M.82.42.8 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Rama and Lakshmana search in vain for Sita #
Folio from a dispersed Ramayana series, Metropolitan Museum · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Rama and Sita enthroned, with Lakshmana and Hanuman #
Kalighat painting, Calcutta, 19th century, Cleveland Museum of Art · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Shiva and Parvati with Ganesha and Karttikeya #
Pahari school, National Museum, New Delhi · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The churning of the Ocean of Milk #
Anonymous, Metropolitan Museum 1977.443.2 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The gopis plead with Krishna to return their clothes #
Master of the Isarda Bhagavata Purana, folio, Metropolitan Museum · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Vamana grows into Trivikrama #
Page from a Ramayana, Mewar school, Cleveland Museum of Art 2018.142 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Vishnu reclining on the serpent Ananta #
Mattancherry Palace mural, Kochi, Kerala, 16th–17th century · photo/scan: Rainer Halama · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Part human: gods & creatures
A mermaid holding her twin tails #
Mermaid, first half 16th century · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 32.100.174 · Open Access CC0
A nereid feeds the sea-tiger #
Roman mosaic, 2nd century BC · photo Ken and Nyetta · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
A nereid rides a sea-leopard (Sousse) #
Roman mosaic, Sousse Archaeological Museum, Tunisia · photo Ad Meskens · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
A roundel of mermaids and lotus (Chandraketugarh) #
Roundel with Mermaids and Lotus, India, Bengal, Chandraketugarh area, Shunga period (185–78 BCE) · Cleveland Museum of Art 2010.295 · Open Access CC0
A siren with a wreath (red-figure cup) #
Asteas Workshop, Terracotta stemless kylix (drinking cup), Greek, South Italian, Paestan, late 4th century BCE · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 1989.11.12 · Open Access CC0 · cropped to the scene
A triton carrying a platter (Otricoli mosaic) #
Roman mosaic from Otricoli, Vatican Museums (Pio-Clementino) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
An angel scourges a harpy #
Anonymous, British, 19th century, Angel Scourging a Harpy (recto); Athletic Scene (verso), ca. 1890 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 68.676.2 · Open Access CC0
An eagle-headed apkallu (Nimrud) #
Relief panel, Assyrian, ca. 883–859 BCE · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 32.143.7 · Open Access CC0
Anubis, the jackal-headed god #
Statuette of a canid-headed god, probably Anubis, Ptolemaic Period, 332–30 BCE · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 38.5 · Open Access CC0
Centaurs guard the river of blood (Dante's Inferno XII) #
Gustave Doré, illustration for Dante's Inferno, Canto XII (1861) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Chiron teaches the young Achilles to play the lyre #
Roman fresco from the Basilica at Herculaneum, 1st century AD, Naples National Archaeological Museum · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Ganesha in the cave at Ellora #
Ellora Caves, Cave 17 · photo Vu2sga · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Harpies carved on a medieval capital #
Capital with Addorsed Harpies, Southwest France, Languedoc, Toulouse (?), 13th century · Cleveland Museum of Art 1916.1983 · Open Access CC0
Hathor as the divine cow shelters the king #
Hathor shrine of Thutmose III, Deir el-Bahari, Egyptian Museum Cairo · photo from Naville's excavation · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Hercules fights the centaurs #
Hans Sebald Beham, The Labors of Hercules: Hercules Defeating the Centaurs, Germany · Cleveland Museum of Art 1950.457 · Open Access CC0
Kinnaras playing music (Borobudur) #
relief from Borobudur, 9th century · photo Kassian Céphas (1845–1912) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Oedipus and the Sphinx #
Gustave Moreau, Oedipus and the Sphinx, 1864 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 21.134.1 · Open Access CC0
Perseus with the head of Medusa #
Antonio Canova, Perseus with the Head of Medusa, 1804–6 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 67.110.1 · Open Access CC0
Polyphemus the Cyclops and Galatea #
Roman fresco from Pompeii, Naples National Archaeological Museum · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Satyrs at rest among ruins #
Gaetano Gherardo Zompini, Varii Capricci, e Paesi inventati, e disegnati dal celebre Gio. Benedetto Castiglione ... tratti dal raccolta Zanettiana, 1758–59, published 1786 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 49.13.7 · Open Access CC0
Sekhmet, the lioness-headed goddess #
Statuette of Sekhmet, Egypt, Late period (715–332 BCE), Dynasty 26 or later · Cleveland Museum of Art 1940.669 · Open Access CC0
Taweret and the constellations (tomb of Seti I) #
tomb of Seti I (KV17), Valley of the Kings · photo Jean-Pierre Dalbéra · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Buddha sheltered by the seven-headed naga #
Buddha Protected by a Seven-headed Naga, Cambodia, late 12th–early 13th century · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 36.96.5 · Open Access CC0
The Minotaur on the ruined slope #
Gustave Doré, Dante's Inferno, Canto XII (1861) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The Triumph of Neptune with his tritons #
Charles Joseph Natoire, The Triumph of Neptune, France · Cleveland Museum of Art 2013.48 · Open Access CC0
The animal-headed gods of the Nesptah stele #
Tomb Stele of Nesptah, Egypt, Late period (715–332 BCE), Dynasty 26 · Cleveland Museum of Art 1921.1721 · Open Access CC0 · cropped to the scene
The centaur Nessus carries off Deianira #
Bertel Thorvaldsen, Nessus Abducting Dejanira, modeled 1814–15, carved 1821–23 or 1826 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2004.174 · Open Access CC0
The centaurs ride out with their bows #
Gustave Doré, Dante's Inferno, Canto XII lines 73–74 (1861) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
The harpies in the Wood of the Suicides #
Gustave Doré, Dante's Inferno, Canto XIII (1861) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The lamassu of Khorsabad #
human-headed winged bull from the palace of Sargon II, Khorsabad, Louvre · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The makara arch of Chennakesava #
Chennakesava Temple, Belur · photo Rohit14400 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The sphinx of Queen Hatshepsut #
Sphinx of Hatshepsut, New Kingdom, ca. 1473–1458 BCE · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 31.3.166 · Open Access CC0 · cropped to the scene
Theseus kills the Minotaur (black-figure amphora) #
Edinburgh Painter, Terracotta neck-amphora (jar), Greek, Attic, ca. 500 BCE · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 21.88.92 · Open Access CC0 · cropped to the scene
Theseus wrestles the Minotaur (Pompeii mosaic) #
Roman mosaic from Pompeii, Naples National Archaeological Museum · photo Carole Raddato · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons · cropped to the scene
Thoth, the ibis-headed god #
Striding Thoth, Ptolemaic Period, 332–30 BCE · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 26.7.860 · Open Access CC0
Vishnu riding on Garuda #
Vishnu Riding on Garuda, Eastern India, Bihar · Cleveland Museum of Art 1961.46 · Open Access CC0
Vishnu with Garuda and Lakshmi #
Vishnu Accompanied by Garuda and Lakshmi, South India (Telangana, Kalyani district), 12th–13th century · The Metropolitan Museum of Art 57.51.2 · Open Access CC0
Tombs, caves & musicians
A Mimbres bowl #
anonymous · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
A kithara player #
Unknown · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons
Acrobatic dancer ostracon #
Prof. Mortel · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
An Assyrian orchestra #
no idea - see source · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
An aulos player on a Greek vase #
Smikros (?) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Ankh-ef-en-Sekhmet entertained by a harpist #
Anonymous ( Egypt ) Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Chumash Painted Cave #
Kristina D.C. Hoeppner from Wellington, New Zealand · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Cueva de las Manos #
Mariano · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Dancers and musicians, Tomb of the Leopards #
Unknown author Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Etruscan dancers, Tarquinia #
Unknown · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Harpist in the tomb chapel of Paatenemheb #
rob koopman from Leiderdorp, netherlands · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Horses of Lascaux #
HTO · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Lute player, musicians and dancer (Nakht) #
unknown painter, Egypt, 18th Dynasty , c. 1422-1411 BCE · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Lycian rock tombs at Myra #
Saffron Blaze · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Newspaper Rock petroglyphs #
Greg Tally - User: (WT-shared) WineCountryInn at wts wikivoyage · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Paintings of Serra da Capivara #
Unknown author Unknown author · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Rock painting at Bhimbetka #
Yann ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Sarcophagus of the Mourning Women #
Yair-haklai · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Sistrum offering at Dendera #
Olaf Tausch · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Alexander Sarcophagus hunting scene #
Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Great Gallery, Barrier Canyon #
CanyonlandsNPS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The Harper's Song: a blind harper #
Maler der Grabkammer des Nacht · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The Nereid Monument of Xanthos #
Unknown Greek Builder/Sculptor Photograph by user:Joyofmuseums · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Standard of Ur, the banquet panel #
Juan Carlos Fonseca Mata · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Thracian tomb of Kazanlak #
Original uploader was Ivelin Mincov at bg.wikipedia · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons
The banquet of Ashurbanipal #
Allan Gluck · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The bison of Altamira #
HTO · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The bull-headed lyre of Ur #
Binxedits · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The lions of Chauvet #
HTO · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The sarcophagus of Ahiram, Byblos #
Raphaël Savignac · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Tomb of the Lionesses, Tarquinia #
Gian Luca Ferme · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Tutankhamun's trumpets and treasures #
Amanda Slater from Coventry, West Midlands, UK · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Mithras
A Roman tauroctony relief #
Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Mithra at the investiture, Taq-e Bostan #
Philippe Chavin · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons
Mithras born from the rock #
Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Mithras slaying the bull (Louvre) #
Marie-Lan Nguyen · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons
The Felicissimus mosaic of the seven grades, Ostia #
Liberliger · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Marino mithraeum fresco #
Unknown · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The banquet of Mithras and Sol #
Unknown · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The mithraeum under San Clemente #
kevingessner · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Boats, fishing & hunting
A Chinese junk #
anonymous · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
A Middle Kingdom model boat and crew #
Didier Descouens · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
A Mughal hunting miniature #
Painter at the Court of Akbar · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
A buffalo hunt by George Catlin #
George Catlin · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
A hunting scene at Bhimbetka #
Surajkumar12111 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
A mashoof in the Iraqi marshes #
Hassan Janali, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
A papyrus boat on the Nile #
The original uploader was Jonathunder at English Wikipedia . · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Bison on the upper Missouri, Karl Bodmer #
Karl Bodmer · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Fishermen by Hokusai #
Katsushika Hokusai · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Fishermen on a Roman mosaic #
Xopolino · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Fishing boats by Hiroshige #
Utagawa Hiroshige · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Nebamun's garden pool #
anonymous · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Phoenician ships on an Assyrian relief #
Наталия Данииловна Абрагамович · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Ships on the Bayeux Tapestry #
Université de Caen Normandie · CNRS · ENSICAEN d'après la campagne photographique 2017 de la Fabrique de patrimoines en Normandie. · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The Akrotiri fisherman #
anonymous · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The Gokstad ship #
Colgill · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Oseberg ship #
Petter Ulleland · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The boar hunt fresco of Tiryns #
ArchaiOptix · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The dying lioness of Nineveh #
Zunkir · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The lion hunt of Ashurbanipal #
Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The trireme Olympias under oars #
George E. Koronaios · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Farming
An Egyptian granary model #
Unknown · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Aztec chinampas #
Thomas Kole · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Maize farming in the Florentine Codex #
Gary Francisco Keller, artwork created under supervision of Bernardino de Sahagún between 1540 and 1585. · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Pictures of Tilling and Weaving (Gengzhi tu) #
Zhu Gui / Jiao Bingzhen · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
The Field of Reeds, tomb of Sennedjem #
Charles Wilkinson · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
The harvest, tomb of Menna #
Charles Wilkinson · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
The rustic calendar of Saint-Romain-en-Gal #
Louislegrand14 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Beekeeping
Gathering honey, tomb of Rekhmire #
Nina M. Davies · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
The Malia bee pendant #
Cayambe · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Nefertiti
Akhenaten and Nefertiti, painted limestone statuette #
Musée du Louvre, E 15593; photo Rama (2007); CC BY-SA 3.0 FR
Amarna relief (stela of Akhenaten and Nefertiti), Neues Museum #
Neues Museum, Berlin; photo Miguel Hermoso Cuesta (2014); CC BY-SA 4.0
Body of a woman, probably Nefertiti #
Musée du Louvre, Antiquités égyptiennes, E 25409; photo Shonagon (2024); CC0
Early Image of Nefertiti #
Brooklyn Museum, 64.199.2 (Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund); sandstone, painted, ca. 1352–1347 B.C.E.; CC BY 2.5
Head of Nefertiti from Tell el-Amarna, Cairo #
Egyptian Museum, Cairo; 1346–1333 BCE; photo Prof. Mortel (2022); CC BY 2.0
Head of Nefertiti from Tell el-Amarna, Cairo (three-quarter) #
Egyptian Museum, Cairo; 1346–1333 BCE; photo Prof. Mortel (2022); CC BY 2.0
Head of Nefertiti from a statue group (granite), Berlin #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin; from Achet-Aton (Amarna), c. 1340 BC; photo Anagoria (2014); CC BY 3.0
Late Image of Nefertiti #
Brooklyn Museum, 35.1999 (Gift of the Egypt Exploration Society); sandstone, ca. 1352–1336 B.C.E.; CC BY 2.5
Nefertiti Bust, frontal #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin (Neues Museum); photo Giovanni from Firenze (2008); CC BY 2.0
Nefertiti Bust, right profile (1978 photo) #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin (then Charlottenburg); from Tell el-Amarna, workshop of Thutmose; photo Rüdiger Stehn (1978); CC BY-SA 2.0
Nefertiti Bust, three-quarter view #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin; photo Angelo Atzei (2006); CC BY-SA 2.5
Nefertiti bust (right profile) #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin (Neues Museum); photo Magnus Manske (2005); CC BY-SA 3.0
Painted relief of (probably) Akhenaten and Nefertiti strolling #
Neues Museum, Berlin; Amarna period; photo Gary Todd (2016); CC0
Portrait head of Queen Nefertiti, plaster, Neues Museum #
Neues Museum, Berlin, ÄM 21349; plaster, c. 1340 BCE, from Amarna; photo Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin; CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait of Nefertiti, painted relief from Karnak #
Cleveland Museum of Art; reign of Amenhotep IV, c. 1353–1347 BC; photo Sailko; CC BY 3.0
Portrait of Nefertiti, talatat from Karnak #
Cleveland Museum of Art; reign of Amenhotep IV, c. 1353–1347 BC; photo Sailko; CC BY 3.0
Queen Nefertiti and her children, detail of a shrine altarpiece #
Neues Museum, Berlin; New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, c. 1345 BCE, from Amarna; photo Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin; CC BY-SA 4.0
Relief of Akhenaten, Nefertiti and three of their daughters (house altar) #
Neues Museum, Berlin; Amarna period; photo Gary Todd (2016); CC0
Relief of Akhenaton and Nefertiti with three daughters under the Aten (Nefertiti detail) #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin; from Achet-Aton / Amarna; photo ArchaiOptix (2014); CC BY-SA 4.0
Relief, Queen Nefertiti #
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 61.117; circa 1353 BCE; CC0
Standing statue of Nefertiti, Neues Museum #
Neues Museum, Berlin; photo Miguel Hermoso Cuesta (2014); CC BY-SA 4.0
The Wilbour Plaque #
Brooklyn Museum; ca. 1352–1336 BCE; photo riegl (2025); CC BY-SA 4.0
Two princesses, daughters of Akhenaten (Nefertiti's daughters) #
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985.328.6; circa 1353 BCE; CC0
Unfinished model head of a statue of Nefertiti #
Neues Museum, Berlin; 18th dynasty, 1351–1334 BC; photo Following Hadrian; CC BY-SA 2.0
Unfinished portrait head of Queen Nefertiti with sketches #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin; from Achet-Aton / Amarna, later 18th dynasty; photo ArchaiOptix (2014); CC BY-SA 4.0
Unfinished portrait head of Queen Nefertiti with sketches (profile) #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin; from Achet-Aton / Amarna, later 18th dynasty; photo ArchaiOptix (2014); CC BY-SA 4.0
Cleopatra
Ancient Roman bust of Cleopatra VII (Cherchell) #
Archaeological Museum of Cherchell, Algeria; photo Hichem algerino (2018); public domain (identification varies: Cleopatra VII or Cleopatra Selene II)
Bronze coin of Cleopatra VII, Alexandria #
Bibliothèque nationale de France (btv1b8509164c); public domain
Cleopatra (later imagining) #
Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1875 (Google Art Project); public domain — 19th-century painting, not a portrait
Cleopatra (later imagining) #
John William Waterhouse, circa 1887 (private collection); CC BY 2.0 — Victorian painting, not a portrait
Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners (later imagining) #
Alexandre Cabanel, 1887; Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen, 1505; CC0 — 19th-century history painting, not a portrait
Cleopatra VII tetradrachm, Ascalon mint #
Coin photographed by PHGCOM (2009); public domain
Cleopatra VII, marble portrait head, Vatican #
Vatican Museums, Gregoriano Profano, Inv. 38511; marble, 40–30 BC; public domain
Cleopatra VII, marble portrait head, Vatican (profile) #
Vatican Museums, Gregoriano Profano, Inv. 38511; marble, 40–30 BC; public domain
Head of Isis, or portrait of a Ptolemaic princess attired as Isis #
Centrale Montemartini, Rome; Late Hellenistic; photo Carole Raddato; CC BY-SA 2.0 (sometimes called 'Cleopatra as Isis')
Marble portrait head of Cleopatra VII, the 'Berlin Cleopatra', profile #
Altes Museum, Berlin; marble; photo Chappsnet; CC BY-SA 4.0
Portrait head of Cleopatra VII (Berlin), three-quarter view #
Altes Museum, Berlin; marble; photo Phyrexian (8 May 2025); public domain
Portrait head of Cleopatra VII (the 'Berlin Cleopatra'), front #
Altes Museum, Berlin (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin); marble, 30–40 BC; photo Anagoria; public domain
Posthumous painted portrait of Cleopatra VII, Herculaneum #
Ancient Roman wall painting from Herculaneum, 1st century AD (identification as Cleopatra VII per Commons description); public domain
Ptolemaic Queen (Cleopatra VII?), 50–30 B.C.E. #
Brooklyn Museum, 71.12; 50–30 B.C.E.; public domain
Relief of Cleopatra VII and Caesarion, Temple of Hathor, Dendera #
Temple of Hathor, Dendera, south wall; photo Olaf Tausch (2014); CC BY 3.0
Relief of Cleopatra VII, Temple of Hathor, Dendera (detail) #
Temple of Hathor, Dendera, south wall; photo Olaf Tausch (2014); CC BY 3.0
Silver drachm of Cleopatra VII, Alexandria #
Bibliothèque nationale de France (btv1b8509077n); public domain
Silver tetradrachm of Cleopatra VII #
Numismatic Museum of Athens; photo Francesco Bini; CC BY-SA 4.0
Statue of Cleopatra VII (basalt), Hermitage #
State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg; basalt, 1st century BC; photo Don-vip (2019); CC BY-SA 4.0
Statue of Cleopatra VII (basalt), Hermitage, upper body #
State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Inv. ДВ-3936; basalt, 51–30 BCE; photo Sergey Sosnovskiy; CC BY-SA 2.0
The 'Nahman Cleopatra' #
Private collection (shown at 'Moi, Auguste, Empereur de Rome', Grand Palais); marble, circa 33–30 BC; photo Following Hadrian; CC BY-SA 2.0
The Death of Cleopatra (later imagining) #
Guido Cagnacci, after 1659 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna); public domain — Baroque painting, not a portrait
The Meeting of Antony and Cleopatra (later imagining) #
Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1885; public domain — 19th-century history painting, not a portrait
Fayum portraits
Boy with a Floral Garland in His Hair #
Brooklyn Museum (Google Art Project); ca. 200–230 CE; public domain
Fayum funerary portrait of a woman #
Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence; 4th century (per Commons); photo Miguel Hermoso Cuesta; CC BY-SA 4.0
Fayum mummy portrait of a woman (Pushkin 06) #
Pushkin Museum, Moscow; 1st–4th century AD; photo NearEMPTiness; CC BY-SA 4.0
Fayum portrait of a man #
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; public domain
Female Portrait Mask #
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore (Walters 325); 2nd century AD; public domain
Funeral portrait of a man #
Benaki Museum, Athens (Google Art Project); c. 225–250 CE; public domain
Funerary Portrait of a Man #
Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.135; public domain
Funerary Portrait of a Woman #
Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.136; CC0
Funerary Portrait of a Young Girl #
Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.137; public domain
Funerary portrait of a man, 175–225 #
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden; c. 175–225 CE; photo Sailko; CC BY 3.0
Mummy Portrait of a Bearded Man #
Harvard Art Museums, 1923.59; c. 250 CE; public domain
Mummy Portrait of a Woman with Earrings #
Harvard Art Museums, 1923.60; c. 130–140 CE; public domain
Mummy portrait of Eirene #
Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart; Commons author field: Ernst von Sieglin, 1923; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of Lady Aline, Hawara #
Neues Museum, Berlin; tempera on linen, from Hawara (excavated 1892); photo Carole Raddato; CC BY-SA 2.0
Mummy portrait of Petrie's 'red youth', Hawara #
Petrie Museum, London; Roman period, from Hawara; photo Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a bearded elderly man, er-Rubayat #
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, München, SMÄK 3; tempera on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a bearded man, Hawara #
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, E.2.1888; encaustic on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a bearded young man, er-Rubayat #
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, ÆIN 681; encaustic on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a boy #
Musée du Louvre; photo TimeTravelRome; CC BY 2.0
Mummy portrait of a child, Athens EAM 1631 #
National Archaeological Museum, Athens, EAM 1631; tempera on stuccoed linen; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a girl, Hawara, München SMÄK 1307 #
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, München, SMÄK 1307; encaustic on wood, set in a rhombic-wrapped mummy; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a girl, er-Rubayat #
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, ÆIN 682; encaustic on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a man, Tübingen Inv. 7517 #
Museum der Universität Tübingen, Inv. 7517; wax paint on wood, late 2nd century CE; photo Wuselig; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a mature woman, München ÄS 1 #
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, München, ÄS 1; Early Roman period; photo captmondo; CC BY-SA 3.0
Mummy portrait of a woman wearing a golden myrtle wreath #
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, München, SMÄK 2; tempera on linen on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a woman, Athens EAM 1628 #
National Archaeological Museum, Athens, EAM 1628; encaustic on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a woman, Berlin ÄM 22606 #
Ägyptisches Museum Berlin, ÄM 22606; tempera on wood panel; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a woman, Karlsruhe BLM H 1166 #
Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, H 1166; encaustic on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a woman, er-Rubayat, KHM AS X 302 #
Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, AS X 302; tempera on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a young man, er-Rubayat #
Altes Museum, Berlin; Roman Egypt, 2nd century CE; encaustic-wax tempera on wood; photo Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of a young man, er-Rubayat, KHM AS X 432 #
Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, AS X 432; tempera on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Mummy portrait of an elderly man, Stuttgart LMW AS 7.3 #
Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart, AS 7.3; encaustic on wood; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Painted plaster mummy portrait, 80–120 AD #
British Museum, London; Roman period, 80–120 AD; photo Gary Todd; CC0
Painted plaster portrait, early 2nd century #
British Museum, London; Roman period, early 2nd century; photo Gary Todd; CC0
Panel painting of a woman in a blue mantle #
Metropolitan Museum of Art (DP310140); A.D. 54–68; CC0
Portrait de momie, Louvre N 2733 3 #
Musée du Louvre, Antiquités égyptiennes, N 2733 3 (P 212); c. 150–200 CE; public domain
Portrait of a man from Antinoé, 190–230 AD #
Musée du Louvre; from Antinoé, c. 190–230 CE; photo Sailko; CC BY 3.0
Portrait of a man, RISD Museum #
Rhode Island School of Design Museum; encaustic on limewood, AD 100–150; photo Ad Meskens; CC BY-SA 3.0
Headcones & perfume
A couple adoring the sun #
Book of the Dead · operator reference
A servant anoints a lady's headcone #
Theban tomb painting · operator reference
Anointing at the banquet #
Facsimile, Metropolitan Museum 30.4.105 (CC0)
Banquet ladies with wax perfume headcones #
Theban tomb painting (18th Dynasty) · operator reference
Banquet of Nakht with musicians #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Female musicians at a banquet #
Tomb of Djeserkareseneb (TT38), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Guests at a banquet, smelling lotus #
Facsimile, Metropolitan Museum 30.4.105 (CC0)
Maids attending women guests #
Theban tomb (TT38 Djeserkareseneb), Wellcome Collection photograph, CC BY 4.0
Male guests served at a banquet #
Tomb of Nebamun & Ipuky (TT181), Met Museum facsimile by Nina de Garis Davies, CC0
Menna's daughter offering #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Mother and wife of Userhat #
Tomb of Userhat (TT51), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Musicians and women guests #
Theban tomb (TT38 Djeserkareseneb), Wellcome Collection photograph, CC BY 4.0
Nebamun and his wife at a banquet #
Tomb of Nebamun & Ipuky (TT181), Met Museum facsimile by Nina de Garis Davies, CC0
Nebamun banquet: guests and servants #
Tomb of Nebamun, British Museum EA 37986, Public domain
Nebamun banquet: musicians and dancers #
Tomb of Nebamun, British Museum EA 37984, Public domain
Nebamun banquet: servant among guests #
Tomb of Nebamun, British Museum EA 37984, Public domain
Nebamun banquet: women with headcones #
Tomb of Nebamun, British Museum EA 37986, Public domain
Nebamun receives wine #
Tomb of Nebamun & Ipuky (TT181), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Procession with headcones #
Egyptian tomb painting · operator reference
Servant girl adjusting a guest's earring #
Tomb of Djeserkareseneb (TT38), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Servant girls anointing women guests #
Tomb of Nebamun & Ipuky (TT181), Met Museum facsimile by Nina de Garis Davies, CC0
Servant girls at Rekhmire's banquet #
Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100), Thebes, Public domain
The banquet of Nebamun #
Tomb of Nebamun, British Museum (Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 4.0)
The blind harpist #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Thebes, Public domain
Three musicians of Nakht #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Thebes, Public domain
Userhat and wife receive offerings #
Tomb of Userhat (TT51), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Women at a banquet (Rekhmire) #
Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Women guests with headcones (Rekhmire) #
Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Women pressing lily perfume #
Relief, Louvre E 11162 (CC0)
Lotus perfume
Female offering bearer with lotus #
Cleveland Museum of Art 1949.496, Theban relief, CC0
Girl carrying lotus and ducks #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Thebes, Public domain
Ipuy and wife receive offerings of unguent and lotus #
Tomb of Ipuy (TT217), Met Museum facsimile (restored), CC0
Kneeling bearers offering unguent and lotus #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Lily harvest (Louvre E 11377) #
Louvre E 11377, Saqqara relief, Late Period, CC BY 4.0
Men with lotus bouquets #
New Kingdom relief of a funerary procession, CC BY-SA 2.0
Nakht and wife receive offerings #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Offering bearers of Petosiris #
Tomb of Petosiris, Tuna el-Gebel (glass slide), Public domain
Offering bearers with lotus #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Owner receiving lily perfume (Louvre E 11377) #
Louvre E 11377, Saqqara relief, Late Period, Public domain
Pressing lilies in a sack (Louvre E 11377) #
Louvre E 11377, Saqqara relief, Late Period, Public domain
Two offering bearers with lotus #
Cleveland Museum of Art 1949.495, Theban relief, CC0
The Nile
Banquet under a pergola on the Nile #
Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, Hellenistic, CC BY-SA 3.0
Boat from Nubia #
Tomb of Huy (TT40), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Boats with provisions #
Tomb of Neferhotep (TT49), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Donkeys and ploughing #
Tomb of Djar (TT366), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Fishermen in papyrus skiffs #
Mastaba of Mereruka, Saqqara, CC BY-SA 2.0
Grape harvest and bird netting #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Grape harvest and treading #
Tomb of Ipuy (TT217), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Herdsman driving cattle across a ford #
Mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, CC BY-SA 3.0
Hoeing and sowing by the canal #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Journey to Abydos #
Tomb of Pairy (TT139), Met Museum facsimile, Public domain
Man making a fishing net #
Tomb of Ipuy (TT217), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Men on a small craft #
Mastaba of Nikauisesi, Saqqara, CC BY-SA 4.0
Menna fowling in the marshes #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Met Museum facsimile, Public domain
Menna spearing fish #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Met Museum facsimile, Public domain
Nakht fishing and fowling #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Nebamun fowling in the marshes #
Tomb of Nebamun, British Museum EA 37977, Public domain
Net fishing from boats (left) #
Tomb of Ipuy (TT217), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Net fishing from boats (right) #
Tomb of Ipuy (TT217), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Nile Mosaic of Palestrina (lower Nile) #
Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, Hellenistic, Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Palestrina, Public domain
Packing the harvest #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Ploughing with oxen #
Tomb of Nakht (TT52), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Reaping grain #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Thebes, Public domain
Rowing barge on the Nile #
Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, Hellenistic, CC BY-SA 3.0
Scribes recording the harvest #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Sennedjem and Iyneferti harvesting #
Tomb of Sennedjem (TT1), Deir el-Medina, Public domain
Sennedjem ploughing #
Tomb of Sennedjem (TT1), Deir el-Medina, Public domain
Surveying the grain fields #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Temple and boats on the Nile #
Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, Hellenistic, CC BY-SA 3.0
The Viceroy's boat #
Tomb of Huy (TT40), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Threshing with oxen #
Tomb of Menna (TT69), Thebes, Public domain
Ti hunting hippopotamus in the marsh #
Mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, CC BY-SA 3.0
Watering the garden with a shaduf #
Tomb of Ipuy (TT217), Met Museum facsimile, CC0
Ports, the Nile & the coast
A View in Cairo #
David Roberts, 1840. Royal Collection. Public domain
Aeneas's Farewell to Dido in Carthage #
Claude Lorrain, 1676. Public domain
Bimbaches #
Leonardo Torriani, 1592. Public domain
Canario hombre #
Leonardo Torriani, 1592. Public domain
Canarios #
Leonardo Torriani, 1592. Public domain
Carthage #
William Linton, 1825. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Carthage, Byrsa hill #
Noomen9, photograph, 2021. CC BY-SA 4.0
Carthage, the Punic ports #
Unknown author, before 1958. Public domain
Citadel of Sidon #
David Roberts, 1839. Cleveland Museum of Art. Public domain
Delos Bay #
Kevin Stroup, photograph, 2006. CC BY 3.0
This look is still rendering.
Dido building Carthage #
J. M. W. Turner, 1815. Public domain
Efequén (Torriani) #
Leonardo Torriani, 1592. Public domain
Egypt and Nubia, Vol. I, No. 10: Edfou #
Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1838. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Egypt and Nubia, Vol. I: Luxor #
Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1846. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Egypt and Nubia, Vol. I: Pyramids of Geezeh, from the Nile #
Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1846. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Egypt and Nubia, Vol. I: Siout, Upper Egypt #
Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1847. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Egypt and Nubia, Vol. I: View on the Nile looking towards the pyramids of Dashour and Sakkarah #
Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1846. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Egypt and Nubia, Vol. II: Hagar Setsilis #
Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1847. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Egypt and Nubia, Vol. III: Alexandria #
Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1848. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Fortress of Ibrim, Nubia #
David Roberts, 1838 (Library of Congress). Public domain
Funeral of a Mummy on the Nile #
Frederick Arthur Bridgman, 1877. Public domain
Gades ab occiduis insulae partibus #
Joris Hoefnagel (after), between 1564 and 1640. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Public domain
Gezicht op de landtong van Cádiz en de tonijnvisserij (lower view: the tuna fishery) #
After Joris Hoefnagel, 1596. Rijksmuseum. CC0
Gomeros #
Leonardo Torriani, 1592. Public domain
Great Temple, Aboo Simbel #
David Roberts, 1838. Public domain
Guanche pastor #
Sabin Berthelot (dir.), Auguste-Félix Saint-Aulaire (lithographer), 1842. Public domain
In the Strait of Gibraltar #
Anton Melbye, 1845. Public domain
Jaffa, formerly Joppa, looking south #
Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1843. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0
La dahabieh engravée, Égypte #
Léon Belly, 1877. Public domain
Model of the merchant port of Carthage #
Norbert Schnitzler, photograph of a model, 2008. CC BY-SA 2.0
Model of the military port of Carthage #
Norbert Schnitzler, photograph of a model, 2008. CC BY-SA 2.0
Naval battle off the Moroccan coast #
Jean-Baptiste Henri Durand-Brager, c. 1845. Public domain
This look is still rendering.
Pharos of Alexandria, reconstruction #
Віщун, digital reconstruction, 2021. CC BY-SA 4.0
Port of Tyre #
David Roberts, 1839. Cleveland Museum of Art. CC0
Salammbô illustration (crowd at the temple steps) #
Anonymous illustration, 1926 (Flaubert, Salammbô). Public domain
Salammbô illustration (street scene) #
Anonymous illustration, 1926 (Flaubert, Salammbô). Public domain
Salammbô illustration (the colossus and the crowd) #
Anonymous illustration, 1926 (Flaubert, Salammbô). Public domain
Salammbô: Sous les murs de Carthage #
Eugène-André Champollion after Georges Rochegrosse, 1900 (Gallica). Public domain
Sidon, looking towards Lebanon #
Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1843. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0
Sidon, with fishermen and other figures in the foreground #
Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1843. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0
St. Jean d'Acre, looking from the sea #
Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1843. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0
Subsiding the Nile #
Frederick Goodall, 1873. Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum. Public domain
Temple Island, Philae #
David Roberts, 1838. Public domain
The Decline of the Carthaginian Empire #
J. M. W. Turner, 1817. Public domain
The ferry to Gîza across the Nile #
Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1849. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0
Theatre of Sabratha, Libya #
Photograph. CC BY-SA 2.0
Towing on the Nile #
Frederick Arthur Bridgman, 1875. Public domain
Vendeur africain à Mogador #
Charles Maurand (engraver), 1863 (Le Monde illustré). Public domain
View of Kom Ombo #
David Roberts, 1838. Yale Center for British Art. CC0
View of Santa Cruz (Barrow, 1806) #
Barrow, 1806 (British Library Mechanical Curator). Public domain
Vue du Port Cothon prise de l'ancienne Citadelle de Byrsa (Carthage) #
A. Mayer (draughtsman), lithograph after De Sinety. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Public domain
Water Carriers on the Nile #
John Singer Sargent, 1891. Art Institute of Chicago. Public domain
Women carrying water by the Nile #
Auguste Veillon. Public domain
The Amazigh
Archers moving with livestock (Tassili rock painting) #
IssamBarhoumi, CC BY-SA 4.0
Berber Bride (Josep Tapiró, c. 1896) #
Josep Tapiró Baró, public domain
Charge of the Moorish cavalry, Trajan's Column cast #
Photo: Joe Mabel, CC BY-SA 4.0
Coin portrait attributed to Jugurtha #
Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica), public domain
Coin portrait attributed to Masinissa #
Bibliothèque nationale de France (Monnaies, médailles et antiques), public domain
Coin portrait of Syphax #
Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica), public domain
Denarius of Juba I of Numidia #
Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica), public domain
Denarius of Juba II of Mauretania #
Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica), public domain
Figures in dotted yellow garments (Tassili rock painting) #
IssamBarhoumi, CC BY-SA 4.0
Gathering of people (Tassili rock painting) #
Photo: Patrick Gruban, CC BY-SA 2.0
Group of figures in skirts (Tassili rock painting) #
Photo: Patrick Gruban, CC BY-SA 2.0
Jabbaren herders on the move (Tassili rock painting) #
Photo: Gruban, CC BY-SA 2.0
Kabyle family (Jean Geiser, 1880) #
Jean Geiser, public domain
Kabyle loom (Neurdein, c. 1860) #
Neurdein, public domain
Kabyle woman of the Beni Ouacif with facial tattoos #
Joseph Boussuge, public domain
Libyan captive appliqué, bronze #
Anonymous (Egypt), public domain (Walters Art Museum)
Libyan delegation with chariot, Apadana, Persepolis #
Photo: A.Davey, CC BY 2.0
Libyan, Nubian and West Asiatic prisoners before Sahure #
Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0
Libyans, painted tiles from Medinet Habu #
Public domain (PD-Art); Egyptian, Ramesses III prisoner tiles
Line of dancers (Tassili rock painting) #
IssamBarhoumi, CC BY-SA 4.0
Marble bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania #
Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen, public domain
Marble portrait of Juba II #
Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen, CC BY 4.0 (artwork public domain)
Medracen, royal Numidian mausoleum #
Photo: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY 4.0
Mohamed-ben-Ikhenoukhen, Azdjer notable, on camel (1894) #
Fernand Foureau (photogr.), Molteni (reprod.), public domain
Moorish cavalry of Lusius Quietus, Trajan's Column (1902 plate) #
Helmolt, The History of the World (1902), public domain
Rock painting frieze, Tadrart Acacus #
Photo: Luca Galuzzi (Lucag), CC BY-SA 2.5
Round-head figures (Tassili rock painting) #
Photo: Patrick Gruban, CC BY-SA 2.0
Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania #
Photo: Dan Sloan, CC BY-SA 2.0
Ruins of ancient Garama (Germa) #
Photo: Franzfoto, CC BY-SA 3.0
Running archers (Tassili rock painting) #
Photo: Patrick Gruban, CC BY-SA 2.0
Stele of the Libou (Numidian) horseman #
Photo: Meriam Cherif, CC BY-SA 4.0
Tattooed Libyan chief, faience tile of Ramesses III #
Photo: Tim Evanson, CC BY-SA 2.0
Tents of the Azdjer Tuareg (Foureau mission, 1894) #
Fernand Foureau (photogr.), Molteni (reprod.), public domain
The black masked woman (Tassili rock painting) #
IssamBarhoumi, CC BY-SA 4.0
Tuareg horseman at Bida (1912) #
Photo: H. S. W. Edwardes, public domain
Tuareg women of the Azdjer (Foureau mission, 1894) #
Fernand Foureau (photogr.), Molteni (reprod.), public domain
Tumulus of the tomb of Tin Hinan, Abalessa #
Photo: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY 4.0
Vanquished Libyan, bronze statuette #
Photo: Guillaume Blanchard, CC BY-SA 2.0 (GFDL)
Women with hand bags (Tassili rock painting) #
IssamBarhoumi, CC BY-SA 4.0
Sais, Athens & Delphi
Achilles and Ajax playing a board game, Athena between them — Attic black-figure neck amphora #
Attributed to the Medea Group — File:Attic_Black-Figure_Neck_Amphora_-_Achilles_and_Ajax_playing_a_board_game_overseen_by_Athena.jpg · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Aegeus consulting the Pythia (as Themis) — Kodros Painter kylix, Berlin F2538 #
Kodros Painter — User:Bibi Saint-Pol, own work, 2008-02-16 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Albert Tournaire — Reconstruction of the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi (1894) #
Albert Tournaire — Own work · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Arrival of oracle-seekers at Delphi — Romeyn de Hooghe etching (Rijksmuseum RP-P-1907-5697) #
Rijksmuseum — http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.collect.124684 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Athena Promachos — Kleophrades Painter, Panathenaic amphora (ABV 404 7) #
ArchaiOptix — Own work · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Birth of Athena — Attic black-figure amphora (Boston MFA 00.330) #
Mark Landon — Own work · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Birth of Athena — Attic black-figure amphora (Louvre F32) #
User:Bibi Saint-Pol — Own work · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Cadmus consults the oracle of Delphi — etching after Robbertus de Baudous (Rijksmuseum RP-P-2014-67-41) #
Rijksmuseum — http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.568756 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Camillo Miola (Biacca) — The Oracle (Getty 72.PA.32) #
Camillo Miola (Biacca) — J. Paul Getty Museum · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Constantin Hansen — Apollo and Pythia (SMK KMS3894) #
Constantin Hansen — image · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Ernest Board — An invocation to I-em-hetep, the Egyptian deity of medicine (Wellcome) #
https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/be/0d/212a812963673e93a1aae46724d7.jpg Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/V0018149.html Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rqx46h6b CC-BY-4.0 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
John Collier — Priestess of Delphi (1891) #
John Collier — IAECKq72SfCN9A at Google Cultural Institute maximum zoom level · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
John William Waterhouse — Consulting the Oracle (1884) #
John William Waterhouse — Christie's, LotFinder: entry 5263447 (sale 7823, lot 19) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Lawrence Alma-Tadema — Phidias Showing the Frieze of the Parthenon to his Friends (1868) #
Lawrence Alma-Tadema — Birmingham Museums · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Louis Jean François Lagrenée — Alexander Consulting the Oracle of Apollo #
Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée — [1] · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Naophorous statue of the chief physician Udjahorresnet (Vatican, Museo Gregoriano Egizio 22690) #
Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China — Statue of Egyptian Chief Physician Udjaḥorresnet, Dynasty 27, 525-404 BC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Neith — modern drawing after the Tomb of Nefertari (Eternal Space) #
Eternal Space — Own work · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Orestes at Delphi — Paestan red-figure bell-krater by Python (British Museum 1917.12-10.1) #
Python (as painter) — Jastrow (2006) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Preparation for consulting the oracle of Delphi — Romeyn de Hooghe etching (Rijksmuseum RP-P-1907-5698) #
Rijksmuseum — http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.collect.124685 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Priest in a leopard-skin cloak with Osiris on his skirt (Met 26.7.1415) #
This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Rahotep and Nofret, painted limestone, Dynasty 4 (Egyptian Museum, Cairo) #
Warren LeMay from Cincinnati, OH, United States — Rahotep and Nofret Statue, Egyptian Museum, al-Qāhirah, CG, EGY · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Robert Smirke — The Castalian Spring (Yale Center for British Art B1977.14.561) #
Robert Smirke — Yale Center for British Art · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Seated statuette of the goddess Neith (LACMA 50.14.1) #
Image: http://collections.lacma.org/sites/default/files/remote_images/piction/ma-31467531-O3.jpg Gallery: http://collections.lacma.org/node/230292 archive copy at the Wayback Machine · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Solon defending his laws against the objections of the Athenians — engraving (Rijksmuseum RP-P-OB-63.056) #
Rijksmuseum — http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.106657 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
The goddess Neith — Tomb of Nefertari QV66, descending corridor (Museo Egizio archive photo C01600) #
Archivio fotografico Museo Egizio, Turin - online catalogue · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
The priestess Pythia in the temple of Delphi — Romeyn de Hooghe etching (Rijksmuseum RP-P-1905-3934) #
Rijksmuseum — http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.124686 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Tomb relief of the chief physician Amenhotep and family, Asyut, Dynasty 19 (Cleveland Museum of Art 1963.100) #
https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.100 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
This look is still rendering.
Treatment scene from the tomb of Ankhmahor, Saqqara (line drawing, Wellcome M0003798) #
https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/69/9f/9dfb9fac208ffe0c8cf7404e2072.jpg Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/M0003798.html Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-29): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/maq46mkm CC-BY-4.0 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Visitors & the Four Peoples
A Peleset / Sherden prisoner led by an Egyptian soldier — Medinet Habu #
Oltau, own work; Medinet Habu, temple of Ramesses III, north-east wall; CC BY-SA 4.0
An Egyptian warship in the Sea Peoples battle — Medinet Habu (drawing) #
Line drawing of the Sea Peoples relief, north-east wall, mortuary temple of Ramesses III, Medinet Habu; from Dorothea Gray, Seewesen (Archaeologia Homerica I, ch. G), Göttingen 1974, pp. 166–167; Public domain
Fayum mummy portrait of a woman (c. 200), British Museum EA65344 #
British Museum, EA65344; oak panel, encaustic; Public domain
Leaders of the Aamu of Shu (facsimile, Beni Hasan tomb 3) #
Norman de Garis Davies, facsimile of Khnumhotep (Beni Hasan 3); Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET DT272586; CC0
Marriage stela of Ramesses II, Abu Simbel (Lepsius plate) #
Richard Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien, Abt. III, Bl. 196 (1897 ed.); Public domain
Nubian Tribute Presented to King Tutankhamun, Tomb of Huy — Nubian chiefs in procession #
Charles Wilkinson, facsimile of Amenhotep Huy (TT 40), Nubian tribute; Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET DT221112; CC0
Nubian Tribute Presented to King Tutankhamun, Tomb of Huy — a garlanded ox and Nubian bearers #
Charles Wilkinson, facsimile of Amenhotep Huy (TT 40), Nubian tribute; Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET DT221112; CC0
Nubian Tribute Presented to King Tutankhamun, Tomb of Huy — the Nubian princess in her ox-drawn chariot #
Charles Wilkinson, facsimile of Amenhotep Huy (TT 40), Nubian tribute; Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET DT221112; CC0
Nubian Tribute Presented to King Tutankhamun, Tomb of Huy — tribute bearers with cattle and a giraffe #
Charles Wilkinson, facsimile of Amenhotep Huy (TT 40), Nubian tribute; Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET DT221112; CC0
Nubian Tribute Presented to King Tutankhamun, Tomb of Huy — tribute bearers with gold rings, kneeling chief #
Charles Wilkinson, facsimile of Amenhotep Huy (TT 40), Nubian tribute; Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET DT221112; CC0
Nubians bringing tusks, ebony, a baboon and a leopard, Tomb of Rekhmire #
Nina M. Davies, facsimile, Rekhmire (TT 100); Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET 30.4.81; CC0
Nubians with a Giraffe and a Monkey, Tomb of Rekhmire #
Nina M. Davies, facsimile, Rekhmire (TT 100); Metropolitan Museum of Art, MET 31.6.40; CC0
Portrait of a Youth with a Surgical Cut in one Eye (Fayum mummy portrait) #
Metropolitan Museum of Art, DP112592, Roman Period, A.D. 190–210; CC0
Portrait of a thin-faced, bearded man (Fayum mummy portrait) #
Metropolitan Museum of Art, DT202005, Roman Period, A.D. 160–180; CC0
Portrait of a woman (Fayum mummy portrait), British Museum #
Photo by Ketone16; Fayum mummy portrait, British Museum, London; Public domain
Portrait of a young woman in red (Fayum mummy portrait) #
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 09.181.6, Roman Period, A.D. 90–120; CC0
Portrait of an elderly lady with a gold wreath (Fayum mummy portrait) #
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 09.181.5, Roman Period, A.D. 100–125; CC0
Portrait of an elderly woman, Er-Rubayat, Fayum (British Museum) #
Photo by Carole Raddato; encaustic on wood, about 300–325 AD, from a tomb at Er-Rubayat in the Fayum, British Museum; CC BY-SA 2.0
Portrait of the Boy Eutyches (Fayum mummy portrait) #
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 18.9.2, Roman Period, A.D. 100–150; CC0
Procession of Philistine captives at Medinet Habu (engraving) #
Drawn by Faucher-Gudin from a photograph by Insinger; in G. Maspero, History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, ed. A.H. Sayce, London 1903–1904; Public domain
Procession of the Aamu: men with bow and lyre and a pack donkey — Beni Hasan #
Tomb of Khnumhotep II, Beni Hasan — composite photograph (A.D. Riddle; Brown University), Public domain (PD-Art), Wikimedia Commons
Procession of the Aamu: the leaders with gazelle and ibex before Egyptian officials — Beni Hasan #
Tomb of Khnumhotep II, Beni Hasan — composite photograph (A.D. Riddle; Brown University), Public domain (PD-Art), Wikimedia Commons
Procession of the Aamu: women, children on a donkey, and men — Beni Hasan #
Tomb of Khnumhotep II, Beni Hasan — composite photograph (A.D. Riddle; Brown University), Public domain (PD-Art), Wikimedia Commons
Sea Peoples captives led by Egyptian soldiers — Medinet Habu (drawing), left group #
Line drawing of the Sea Peoples relief, north-east wall, mortuary temple of Ramesses III, Medinet Habu; from Dorothea Gray, Seewesen (Archaeologia Homerica I, ch. G), Göttingen 1974, pp. 166–167; Public domain
Sea Peoples captives led by Egyptian soldiers — Medinet Habu (drawing), right group #
Line drawing of the Sea Peoples relief, north-east wall, mortuary temple of Ramesses III, Medinet Habu; from Dorothea Gray, Seewesen (Archaeologia Homerica I, ch. G), Göttingen 1974, pp. 166–167; Public domain
Ship of the Shekelesh or Sherden — Medinet Habu (drawing) #
Line drawing after the Sea Peoples relief, mortuary temple of Ramesses III, Medinet Habu; from Dorothea Gray, Seewesen (Archaeologia Homerica I, ch. G), Göttingen 1974, pp. 166–167; Public domain
The naval battle against the Sea Peoples — Medinet Habu (drawing) #
Line drawing of the Sea Peoples relief, north-east wall, mortuary temple of Ramesses III, Medinet Habu; from Dorothea Gray, Seewesen (Archaeologia Homerica I, ch. G), Göttingen 1974, pp. 166–167; Public domain
The peoples of the world in the tomb of Seti I (Book of Gates) — Asiatics #
Plate 'Neues Reich. Dynastie XIX. Theben, Bab el Meluk, Grab Sethos I.' (1849), tomb of Seti I; scan by NYPL; Public domain
The peoples of the world in the tomb of Seti I (Book of Gates) — Horus leading the Egyptians #
Plate 'Neues Reich. Dynastie XIX. Theben, Bab el Meluk, Grab Sethos I.' (1849), tomb of Seti I; scan by NYPL; Public domain
The peoples of the world in the tomb of Seti I (Book of Gates) — Libyans #
Plate 'Neues Reich. Dynastie XIX. Theben, Bab el Meluk, Grab Sethos I.' (1849), tomb of Seti I; scan by NYPL; Public domain
The peoples of the world in the tomb of Seti I (Book of Gates) — Nubians #
Plate 'Neues Reich. Dynastie XIX. Theben, Bab el Meluk, Grab Sethos I.' (1849), tomb of Seti I; scan by NYPL; Public domain
Minoans
Bull-leaping at Knossos #
Fresco, Heraklion Archaeological Museum (CC0)
Keftiu envoys bring gifts to Egypt #
Tomb of Rekhmire facsimile, Metropolitan Museum (CC0)
The Ladies in Blue #
Knossos fresco reproduction, Metropolitan Museum (CC0)
The Prince of the Lilies #
Knossos fresco, Heraklion (Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 4.0)
The saffron gatherers of Thera #
Akrotiri fresco (Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 4.0)
Carthage & the Phoenicians
A Phoenician war galley #
Assyrian relief, British Museum (Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 4.0)
Hannibal crosses the Alps #
Nicolas Poussin (public domain)
Hannibal's elephants cross the Rhone #
Henri Motte, 1878 (public domain)
Phoenician ships carrying cedar #
Khorsabad relief, Louvre (public domain)
Greece & Scheria
Hera nursing Herakles #
Apulian vase, British Museum F107 (Wikimedia, CC BY 2.5)
Nausicaa meets Odysseus on Scheria #
Pieter Lastman (public domain)
Odysseus at the court of Alcinous, Scheria #
Francesco Hayez (public domain)
The infant Herakles strangles the serpents #
Attic vase, Louvre G192 (public domain)
Nubia
The Nubian bathhouse #
Illustration · operator reference
The god-king, the incense and the litter #
Illustration · operator reference
Egypt
A woman offers lotus to Ra #
Painted wooden stele · operator reference
Before Osiris #
Papyrus of Hunefer, Book of the Dead · operator reference
Libation before the falcon god #
Painted wooden stele · operator reference
Offering stele under the winged sun #
Painted wooden stele · operator reference
Offering to Osiris #
Book of the Dead · operator reference
Osiris, Anubis and Isis #
Book of the Dead · operator reference
Prayer before the jackal shrine #
Book of the Dead · operator reference
Purification with water and soap #
Tomb painting · operator reference
Stele of the sky goddess #
Painted wooden stele · operator reference
The weighing of the heart #
Papyrus of Hunefer, Book of the Dead · operator reference
Worship of Ra-Horakhty #
Painted wooden stele · operator reference
Hyperborea & Delos
Apollo and Artemis at Delos, by the palm tree — Attic column-krater, c. 450 BC (Madrid) #
Comacchio Painter; Attic red-figure column-krater, c. 450 BC, Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid; photo Marie-Lan Nguyen (User:Jastrow), 2008; CC BY 2.5
Apollo returning from the Hyperboreans to Delos, greeted by Artemis — Cycladic krater, 640 BC #
Photo: Zde, own work; large Cycladic krater, 640 BC, National Archaeological Museum, Athens, inv. 911; CC BY-SA 4.0
This look is still rendering.
Apollo riding a griffin — Attic red-figure kylix, c. 380 BC (Getty Villa) #
Photo: Gary Todd; Greek kylix, Athens, c. 380 BC, Getty Villa Museum, Los Angeles; CC0
Apollo with the kithara between Artemis and Leto — Attic bilingual amphora (Madrid) #
Photo: Dorieo, own work; Attic bilingual amphora, side A, Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid; CC BY-SA 4.0
Apollon and Hermes between Artemis and Leto — lekythos signed by Mys #
Mys (signed), Attic red-figure lekythos, Athens NAM 1626; photo ArchaiOptix; CC BY-SA 4.0
Boreas abducting Oreithyia — Attic red-figure amphora, 470–460 BC (Munich 2345) #
Oreithyia Painter (name vase); Attic red-figure pointed amphora, 470–460 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2345; photo User:Bibi Saint-Pol; Public domain
Coast View of Delos with Aeneas (Claude Lorrain, 1671–1672) #
Claude Lorrain, 1671–1672; The Yorck Project (2002), 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei; Public domain
Latona Giving Birth to Apollo and Diana on the Island of Delos #
Diana Scultori after Giulio Romano, engraving; National Gallery of Art, NGA 7358; CC0
Latona and Her Children, Apollo and Diana (William Henry Rinehart, marble) #
William Henry Rinehart, 1870, carved 1874; Metropolitan Museum of Art, 05.12; CC0
Latona with Diana and Apollo on Delos (print after Domenichino) #
Anonymous printmaker after a painting by Domenichino, published by François Langlois; Rijksmuseum RP-P-OB-74.726; CC0
Latona with her children Apollo and Diana (Anton Raphael Mengs, 1769) #
Anton Raphael Mengs, 1769, Historisches Museum Bamberg; photo anagoria; Public domain
Terrace of the Lions, Delos #
Photo: Zde, own work (copy on site; originals in the Museum); CC BY-SA 3.0
