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Proto-Sinaitic (Early Alphabetic) · 32 signs

Serabit el-Khadim and Wadi el-Hol, c.1900-1500 BC. Pictographic acrophonic signs; stance varies with writing direction. Values follow Albright/Colless as tabulated by Pandey 2019; several are disputed.

This script is not in Unicode, so each sign was drawn from published sign tables. Hover a sign for its reading, the source it was drawn from, and where scholars disagree.

ʾ · ox head (F1) b · house (O1; Wadi el-Hol O4) b · house g · throw-stick (T14) d · door (O31) ḥ · fence h · man calling / jubilating (A28) w · hook, peg ḏ / z · eyebrow (D13) or weapon z · fetter ḥ · mansion / courtyard (O6) ḫ · thread, twisted flax (V28) ṭ · good (F35 heart-and-windpipe) ẓ · shade y · hand / arm (D36) k · palm (D46) l · goad / crook (V1 or S39) m · water (N35) n · snake (I10) s / d · fish ʿ · eye (D4) p · corner (O38) p (or ʿ) · mouth (D21) ṣ · plant (M22/M16) q (or ṣ) · monkey? / bag q · cord, line (V24) r · head (D1/D19) š · sun (N6B) / (Wilson-Wright: Sinai 357) ṯ · breast / composite bow t · owner's mark (Z9?) t · owner's mark ġ · grape