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Par'oh: the Great House

From a palace label to a royal title, the documentary traces how *per‑aa* became the name of Egypt’s king and entered Hebrew and Greek as “pharaoh”.

Chapters

• 0:07 The Birth of the Great House
• 1:34 The Five Names of the King
• 3:37 Divine Kingship: Horus and Ra
• 4:28 From *Per‑aa* to Pharaoh

On-screen text

• 0:07 The Birth of the Great House
• 0:14 The Birth of the Great House
• 0:31 Per‑aa first used for palace (Thutmose III) Historical record · Karnak inscription of Thutmose III, Year 5
• 0:49 Middle Kingdom uses per‑aa for palace only Historical record · Stela of Senusret III, Louvre C 13
• 1:07 Ramesses III scarabs equate per‑aa with king The Institute's interpretation · Scarabs of Ramesses III, Metropolitan Museum 23.140.1
• 1:25 Demotic papyrus shows per‑aa meaning king The Institute's interpretation · Demotic papyrus Bologna 1085 (Late Period)
• 1:34 The Five Names of the King
• 1:41 The Five Names of the King
• 1:58 Five royal names listed on Hatshepsut statue Historical record · Statue of Hatshepsut, Deir el‑Bahri, Louvre C 275
• 2:16 Horus name recorded in Abydos King List Historical record · Abydos King List, Temple of Seti I
• 2:34 Nebty name appears in Pyramid Texts Historical record · Pyramid Texts, Saqqara, Utterance 213
• 2:52 Golden Horus name on Amenhotep III sphinx Historical record · Sphinx of Amenhotep III, Louvre E 101
• 3:10 Throne name shown in Thutmose III annals Historical record · Annals of Thutmose III, Karnak chapel
• 3:28 Birth name on Ramesses II statue Historical record · Statue of Ramesses II, British Museum 610
• 3:37 Divine Kingship: Horus and Ra
• 3:44 Divine Kingship: Horus and Ra
• 4:01 Hymn calls king 'Horus, lord of the sky' Tradition / scripture · Hymn to Horus, Papyrus 100 (The Book of the Dead)
• 4:19 King titled 'Son of Ra' at Sun temple Historical record · Sun Temple of Userkaf, Saqqara, foundation inscription
• 4:28 From *Per‑aa* to Pharaoh
• 4:35 Karnak, Egypt, New Kingdom
• 4:50 ‘Per‑aa’ means ‘great house’ Historical record · Karnak inscription of Thutmose III, Year 5
• 5:18 Herodotus links pharaoh to per‑aa Historical record · Herodotus, Histories 2.159
• 5:38 ‘Par‘ōh’ denotes Egyptian ruler Tradition / scripture · Masoretic Text, Exodus 1:8

Sources

Historical record: Karnak inscription of Thutmose III, Year 5 · Stela of Senusret III, Louvre C 13 · Statue of Hatshepsut, Deir el‑Bahri, Louvre C 275 · Abydos King List, Temple of Seti I · Pyramid Texts, Saqqara, Utterance 213 · Sphinx of Amenhotep III, Louvre E 101 · Annals of Thutmose III, Karnak chapel · Statue of Ramesses II, British Museum 610 · Sun Temple of Userkaf, Saqqara, foundation inscription · Herodotus, Histories 2.159

Tradition / scripture: Hymn to Horus, Papyrus 100 (The Book of the Dead) · Masoretic Text, Exodus 1:8

The Institute's interpretation: Scarabs of Ramesses III, Metropolitan Museum 23.140.1 · Demotic papyrus Bologna 1085 (Late Period)

Sound: synthesized ambient (wind, drone, water) (CC0 — made by SoapBox). Made in 204 s of CPU.