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Y‑DNA Haplogroup Journeys: the Rise and Fall

A ten‑minute visual tour of how major Y‑DNA lineages spread from the Early Holocene to the medieval world, based on ancient DNA and modern genetic models.

Chapters

• 0:07 From the Levant to the Steppe
• 1:52 Bronze Age Migrations
• 3:37 Classical Transformations
• 5:04 Modern Genetic Insights

On-screen text

• 0:07 From the Levant to the Steppe
• 0:14 From the Levant to the Steppe
• 0:31 Natufian Levant, ~10 k BCE: E1b1b1a Historical record · Lazaridis et al. 2016 (Natufian genome)
• 0:49 LBK farmers, 5.5‑4.5 k BCE: G2a Historical record · Skoglund et al. 2012 (Early European Neolithic DNA)
• 1:07 Yamnaya steppe, 3.3‑2.6 k BCE: R1b‑M269 Historical record · Haak et al. 2015 (Nature, Yamnaya genomes)
• 1:25 Central Europe, 3.4‑2.6 k BCE: H2 Historical record · Mathieson et al. 2015 (Nature, Middle Neolithic Europe)
• 1:43 Uralic foragers, 3‑2 k BCE: N‑M231 Historical record · Tambets et al. 2019 (Current Biology, Uralic hunter‑gatherers)
• 1:52 Bronze Age Migrations
• 1:59 Bronze Age Migrations
• 2:16 Andronovo, 2‑1.5 k BCE: R1a‑Z93 Historical record · Allentoft et al. 2015 (Science, Andronovo DNA)
• 2:34 Anatolian Bronze Age, 2‑1.5 k BCE: J2‑M172 Historical record · Lazaridis et al. 2016 (Anatolian Bronze Age DNA)
• 2:52 Lake Baikal, 3‑2 k BCE: Q‑M242 Historical record · Sikora et al. 2019 (Nature, Lake Baikal ancient DNA)
• 3:10 Xiongnu elite, 2nd‑1st c BCE: C2‑M217 Historical record · Jeong et al. 2020 (Science Advances, Xiongnu elite DNA)
• 3:28 Arabian Late Bronze, 1.5‑1.2 k BCE: J1‑M267 Historical record · Haber et al. 2017 (PNAS, Arabian Peninsula ancient DNA)
• 3:37 Classical Transformations
• 3:44 Classical Transformations
• 4:01 Gaul Iron Age, 500‑50 BCE: R1b‑L23 Historical record · Olalde et al. 2018 (Science, Iron Age Europe)
• 4:19 Viking Scandinavia, 9th‑11th C: R1a‑Z282 Historical record · Margaryan et al. 2020 (Nature Communications, Viking DNA)
• 4:37 New Kingdom Egypt, 1300‑1060 BCE: T‑M70 Historical record · Schuenemann et al. 2017 (Nature, New Kingdom mummies)
• 4:55 Central Europe, 3.4‑2.6 k BCE: H2 Historical record · Mathieson et al. 2015 (Nature, Middle Neolithic Europe)
• 5:04 Modern Genetic Insights
• 5:11 Modern Genetic Insights
• 5:28 R1b‑M269 TMRCA ~5 k yr The Institute's interpretation · YFull 2023 Y‑DNA phylogeny
• 5:46 R1a‑Z93 rapid spread ~4.5 k yr The Institute's interpretation · Karmin et al. 2015 (Nature, Y‑chromosome phylogeny)
• 6:04 R1a‑Z282 age ~4 k yr The Institute's interpretation · Poznik et al. 2016 (PNAS, Y‑chromosome diversity)

Sources

Historical record: Lazaridis et al. 2016 (Natufian genome) · Skoglund et al. 2012 (Early European Neolithic DNA) · Haak et al. 2015 (Nature, Yamnaya genomes) · Mathieson et al. 2015 (Nature, Middle Neolithic Europe) · Tambets et al. 2019 (Current Biology, Uralic hunter‑gatherers) · Allentoft et al. 2015 (Science, Andronovo DNA) · Lazaridis et al. 2016 (Anatolian Bronze Age DNA) · Sikora et al. 2019 (Nature, Lake Baikal ancient DNA) · Jeong et al. 2020 (Science Advances, Xiongnu elite DNA) · Haber et al. 2017 (PNAS, Arabian Peninsula ancient DNA) · Olalde et al. 2018 (Science, Iron Age Europe) · Margaryan et al. 2020 (Nature Communications, Viking DNA) · Schuenemann et al. 2017 (Nature, New Kingdom mummies)

The Institute's interpretation: YFull 2023 Y‑DNA phylogeny · Karmin et al. 2015 (Nature, Y‑chromosome phylogeny) · Poznik et al. 2016 (PNAS, Y‑chromosome diversity)

Sound: synthesized ambient (wind, drone, water) (CC0 — made by SoapBox). Made in 74 s of CPU.