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mtDNA Haplogroup Journeys: the Rise and Fall

A ten‑minute visual tour of how mitochondrial lineages spread, shifted, and faded from the Upper Paleolithic to the early medieval world.

Chapters

0:07 From the First Mothers to the Early Farmers
1:34 The Steppe Surge: Bronze Age Transformations
3:46 Mediterranean Melting Pots
5:13 From Ancient Roots to Modern Maps

On-screen text

0:07 From the First Mothers to the Early Farmers
0:14 From the First Mothers to the Early Farmers
0:31 Tianyuan (≈40 kyr) – haplogroup B Historical record · Fu et al., 2013 (Nature)
0:49 Ötzi (≈5.3 kyr) – haplogroup K1 Historical record · Keller et al., 2012 (Nature Communications)
1:07 Natufian (≈12 kyr) – N, X, K Historical record · Bar‑Yosef et al., 2008 (Science)
1:25 LBK (≈7.5 kyr) – haplogroup N1a Historical record · Haak et al., 2015 (Nature)
1:34 The Steppe Surge: Bronze Age Transformations
1:41 Pontic‑Caspian Steppe, Yamnaya culture
1:49 Yamnaya carriers of mtDNA U5, H, J Historical record · Allentoft et al., 2015 (Nature)
2:02 Male‑biased migrations spread U2 southward The Institute's interpretation · Narasimhan et al., 2019 (Science)
2:17 Iberian megalithic individuals show H1, V Historical record · Olalde et al., 2015 (Science)
2:51 Mongolian Bronze Age carries C, D, G Historical record · Jeong et al., 2019 (Nature Ecology & Evolution)
3:40 How did mtDNA journeys reshape continents?
3:46 Mediterranean Melting Pots
3:53 Mediterranean Melting Pots
4:10 Minoan Crete – H, K, T Historical record · Matsumoto et al., 2015 (PNAS)
4:28 Etruscan Tuscany – H, J, U5 Historical record · Matsumoto et al., 2015 (PNAS)
4:46 Sardinia – H1 continuity Historical record · Lazaridis et al., 2016 (Nature)
5:04 Han China – D, M, A Historical record · Wang et al., 2020 (Science Advances)
5:13 From Ancient Roots to Modern Maps
5:20 From Ancient Roots to Modern Maps
5:37 H – post‑glacial expansion The Institute's interpretation · Behar et al., 2012 (American Journal of Human Genetics)
5:55 PhyloTree 17 – mtDNA reference Historical record · van Oven & Kayser, 2009 (PhyloTree Build 17)
6:13 Modern Europe – 40 % H The Institute's interpretation · Torroni et al., 2016 (Molecular Biology and Evolution)

Sources

Historical record: Fu et al., 2013 (Nature) · Keller et al., 2012 (Nature Communications) · Bar‑Yosef et al., 2008 (Science) · Haak et al., 2015 (Nature) · Allentoft et al., 2015 (Nature) · Olalde et al., 2015 (Science) · Jeong et al., 2019 (Nature Ecology & Evolution) · Matsumoto et al., 2015 (PNAS) · Lazaridis et al., 2016 (Nature) · Wang et al., 2020 (Science Advances) · van Oven & Kayser, 2009 (PhyloTree Build 17)

The Institute's interpretation: Narasimhan et al., 2019 (Science) · Behar et al., 2012 (American Journal of Human Genetics) · Torroni et al., 2016 (Molecular Biology and Evolution)

Sound: synthesized ambient (wind, drone, water) (CC0 — made by SoapBox). Made in 89 s of CPU.