ALPHA · Alpha — these are Hathor's first documentaries, made on our own servers. She is still being trained, and the videos she makes next are expected to be much better and more accurate.

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Trade and Travel: the Celts

How Celtic societies moved goods across Europe by river, sea, and road, and why they did it.

Chapters

0:07 Celtic Networks Across Europe
2:10 Ships on Rivers and Coasts
3:55 Overland Caravans and Marketplaces
5:22 Why Trade Moved

On-screen text

0:07 Celtic Networks Across Europe
0:14 Celtic Networks Across Europe
0:31 Helvetii bought grain from Aedui Historical record · Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.12
0:49 Baltic amber for Mediterranean wine Historical record · Strabo, Geographica 4.1.9
1:07 Massalia: tin hub Historical record · Ptolemy, Geography Book II
1:25 Tin for olive oil Historical record · Pliny the Elder, Natural History 33.12
1:43 Roman road linking Celtic towns Historical record · Itinerarium Antonini (Roman road map)
2:01 Honey exported south Historical record · Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica 5.23
2:10 Ships on Rivers and Coasts
2:17 Ships on Rivers and Coasts
2:34 River boat built for trade The Institute's interpretation · British Museum, Celtic boat from River Thames (c. 1st BCE)
2:52 Mediterranean amphorae at Manching The Institute's interpretation · Oppidum of Manching excavation, Bavaria
3:10 Greek krater in Vix grave The Institute's interpretation · Vix Grave, Côte‑d’Or, France
3:28 Silver cauldron shows metal trade The Institute's interpretation · Gundestrup Cauldron, Denmark
3:46 Calendar aids trade timing Historical record · Coligny Calendar (2nd c. CE)
3:55 Overland Caravans and Marketplaces
4:02 Overland Caravans and Marketplaces
4:19 Caledonians get Roman iron Historical record · Tacitus, Agricola 24
4:37 Celtic mercenaries in Roman service The Institute's interpretation · Botorrita Plaque (Iberian, 2nd c. BCE)
4:55 Grain pits store surplus The Institute's interpretation · Archaeology of the oppidum of Bibracte, France
5:13 Cornish tin in continental swords The Institute's interpretation · Isotopic analysis of Celtic metal, University of Oxford (2023)
5:22 Why Trade Moved
5:47 Mediterranean amphorae at Manching The Institute's interpretation · Oppidum of Manching excavation, Bavaria
6:05 Celtic mercenaries in Roman service The Institute's interpretation · Botorrita Plaque (Iberian, 2nd c. BCE)
6:23 Iberian copper in central torc The Institute's interpretation · Louvre, Celtic bronze torc from Spain (2nd c. BCE)

Sources

Historical record: Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.12 · Strabo, Geographica 4.1.9 · Ptolemy, Geography Book II · Pliny the Elder, Natural History 33.12 · Itinerarium Antonini (Roman road map) · Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica 5.23 · Coligny Calendar (2nd c. CE) · Tacitus, Agricola 24

The Institute's interpretation: British Museum, Celtic boat from River Thames (c. 1st BCE) · Oppidum of Manching excavation, Bavaria · Vix Grave, Côte‑d’Or, France · Gundestrup Cauldron, Denmark · Botorrita Plaque (Iberian, 2nd c. BCE) · Archaeology of the oppidum of Bibracte, France · Isotopic analysis of Celtic metal, University of Oxford (2023) · Louvre, Celtic bronze torc from Spain (2nd c. BCE)

Sound: synthesized ambient (wind, drone, water) (CC0 — made by SoapBox). Made in 76 s of CPU.

Scenes Hathor has no parts for yet (3) — the next things to make

Artisans polishing a large silver cauldron in a Danish workshop.
Why Trade Moved: Summarize the economic and social motives behind Celtic exchange.
A Celtic trader on a river barge loading amber, arriving at a coastal market with wine barrels.